Transition from Offline to Online through Digital Resource Bricolage in A Health Crisis: A Case Study of Two Primary Schools

Background: Health crisis responses underline maintaining normal operations. By utilizing digital resources, organizations are able to maintain essential operations through transiting their operations from offline to online during a health crisis. However, little is known about how organizations rapidly adapt to online operations. By taking resource bricolage as the theoretical lens, this study investigates the process that organizations rapidly transit from offline to online through digital resource bricolage during health crises. Methods: A case study of two primary schools that maintained operations during COVID-19 was conducted, with a focus on the utilization of digital resources and resource bricolage. Secondary data collection, interviews and coding strategy were utilized to collect and analyze data to reveal the process that organizations rapidly transit from offline to online through digital resource bricolage. Results: The findings reveal a sequential three-step resource bricolage process, including redeploying digital resource functions, combining digital and non-digital resources, and coordinating interaction among participants, as well as the corresponding resource bricolage behaviors and domains. Conclusions: This study contributes to information systems (IS) studies on crisis responses by identifying the sequential steps of digital resource bricolage to transit from offline to online during health crises. In addition, this study contributes to the development of resource bricolage perspectives by identifying new resource bricolage actions that suitable for the health crisis response.

CT Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Semi-Quantitative Evaluation of Its Clinical Classification

Purpose: To improve the understanding of the manifestations associated with computed tomography (CT) in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: An analysis of a retrospective nature was carried out on clinically-based data as well as CT manifestations in 102 patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis who were admitted to our hospital between the 24th of January, 2020 and the 5th of February, 2020. Scoring of CT manifestations was accomplished, and the total score was used to determine the severity of lung injury. Results: Of the 102 patients, 10 had mild COVID-19, 72 had COVID-19 that was classed as moderate, 16 had COVID-19 that was severe, and 4 had COVID-19 that was critically severe. In all, 92 patients developed lung lesions, among whom 85 showed bilateral lung involvement. Superior lobe lesions and lesions in the middle-inner zone of the lung less frequently affected patients who developed moderate COVID-19 as compared to patients who developed severe/critically severe COVID-19 (all P < 0.05). The lesion manifestations included ground-glass opacity shadows (98.9%) and mixed-density shadows with consolidation (45.7%). Lamellar lesions and interlobular septal thickening less frequently affected patients with COVID-19 that was moderate than in patients with COVID-19 that was severe or critically severe (P < 0.05). In terms of COVID-19 that was moderate, severe or critically severe, the average scores associated with CT were 10.68 ± 6.32, 22.31 ± 8.07, and 30.75 ± 1.89 points respectively. A cumulative CT score of ≤ 20 points was the critical point for distinguishing moderate COVID-19 from severe/critically severe COVID-19. Conclusion: With regards to CT manifestations that were associated with COVID-19, certain characteristics were demonstrated and these varied in relation to different classifications of COVID-19. Cumulative CT score could be used to evaluate the clinical classification and degree of lung damage in patients who develop COVID-19.

Radiation dose levels in chest computed tomography scans of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: A survey of 2119 patients in Chongqing, southwest China.

ABSTRACT: To investigate computed tomography (CT) diagnostic reference levels for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia by collecting radiation exposure parameters of the most performed chest CT examinations and emphasize the necessity of low-dose CT in COVID-19 and its significance in radioprotection.The survey collected RIS data from 2119 chest CT examinations for 550 COVID-19 patients performed in 92 hospitals from January 23, 2020 to May 1, 2020. Dose data such as volume computed tomography dose index, dose-length product, and effective dose (ED) were recorded and analyzed. The radiation dose levels in different hospitals have been compared, and average ED and cumulative ED have been studied.The median dose-length product, volume computed tomography dose index, and ED measurements were 325.2 mGy cm with a range of 6.79 to 1098 mGy cm, 9.68 mGy with a range of 0.62 to 33.80 mGy, and 4.55 mSv with a range of 0.11 to 15.37 mSv for COVID-19 CT scanning protocols in Chongqing, China. The distribution of all observed EDs of radiation received by per patient undergoing CT protocols during hospitalization yielded a median cumulative ED of 17.34 mSv (range, 2.05-53.39 mSv) in the detection and management of COVID-19 patients. The average number of CT scan times for each patient was 4.0 ±â€Š2.0, and the average time interval between 2 CT scans was 7.0 ±â€Š5.0 days. The average cumulative ED of chest CT examinations for COVID-19 patients in Chongqing, China greatly exceeded public limit and the annual dose limit of occupational exposure in a short period.For patients with known or suspected COVID-19, a chest CT should be performed on the principle of rapid-scan, low-dose, single-phase protocol instead of routine chest CT protocol to minimize radiation doses and motion artifacts.

Effective ACE2 peptide-nanoparticle conjugation and its binding with the SARS-Cov-2 RBD quantified by dynamic light scattering.

The infection of coronavirus initiates with the binding between its spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and a human cellular receptor called angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, we construct truncated ACE2 peptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles as antiviral scaffolds and study their binding with the SARS-CoV-2 RBD using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Systematic DLS analysis identifies the effective peptide-nanoparticle conjugation and its efficient, specific, and long-lasting multivalent binding towards the RBD with a binding affinity of 41 nM, indicating the potential of this antiviral platform to compete with natural ACE2-RBD interactions for viral blocking and showcasing an accessible approach to measure the binding constants and kinetics.